Circuit setup
ADC0804 video
DAC0800 video
ADC DAC Board Version I
ADC DAC Board Version II 
ADC PCB Layout
Version II Video
ADC PCB Layout
Project 25 : Speed Boat Controller
Project setup
PWM output signal
Dual boat engines
Driver schematic
Early setup video
Tut 8 : First Order Circuit
Answers
7.4) Vc(t) = 40exp(-50t)
7.11) io(t) = 1.2exp(-3t)
7.40 a) Vc(t) = 4+8exp(-t/6)
7.54 b) i(t) = 3-1exp(-9t/4)
Project 24 : Leakage Current in High Voltage Application
System circuitry layout
High Voltage Set
HV SCADA early setup
Tut 5 : Superposition & Source Transformation
Answers
Q1. I = -0.125A
Q2. Ia = - 8 A
Q3. Io = 1 A
Q4.
Project 21 : Scanning Array Unit
8-wire unipolar stepper motor
Early project setup
Early project test
Early video 1
Early video 2
Test setup
Testing video
Finished product
Finished video
Tut 17 : LCD Big Characters
Big characters
PBP Program
'program to display big characters (numbers) on LCD
DEFINE OSC 20
@ device hs_oscDEFINE LCD_DREG PORTD
DEFINE LCD_DBIT 4
DEFINE LCD_RSREG PORTB
DEFINE LCD_RSBIT 4
DEFINE LCD_EREG PORTB
DEFINE LCD_EBIT 5
DEFINE LCD_BITS 4
DEFINE LCD_LINES 2
TRISB = 0
TRISD = 0
nPos VAR BYTE
LCDOut $FE,$40,$01,$01,$01,$01,$01,$01,$01,$01 ' Cust Char #0
LCDOut $FE,$48,$1F,$11,$11,$11,$11,$11,$11,$11 ' Cust Char #1
LCDOut $FE,$50,$1F,$10,$10,$10,$10,$10,$10,$1F ' Cust Char #2
LCDOut $FE,$58,$01,$01,$01,$01,$01,$01,$01,$1F ' Cust Char #3
LCDOut $FE,$60,$1F,$11,$11,$11,$11,$11,$11,$1F ' Cust Char #4
LCDOut $FE,$68,$11,$11,$11,$11,$11,$11,$11,$1F ' Cust Char #5
LCDOut $FE,$70,$1F,$01,$01,$01,$01,$01,$01,$1F ' Cust Char #6
LCDOut $FE,$78,$1F,$01,$01,$01,$01,$01,$01,$01 ' Cust Char #7
Pause 500
LCDOut $FE,1
loop:
nPos = 0
GoSub Zero
nPos = 1
GoSub One
nPos = 2
GoSub Two
nPos = 3
Pause 2000
GoTo loop
Zero:
LCDOut $FE,$80+nPos,1
LCDOut $FE,$C0+nPos,5
Return
One:
LCDOut $FE,$80+nPos,0
LCDOut $FE,$C0+nPos,0
Return
Two:
LCDOut $FE,$80+nPos,7
LCDOut $FE,$C0+nPos,2
Return
Tut 16 : LCD Custom Characters
Most of the alpha numeric LCD like 16x2 character has ability to generate few custom characters. Custom characters on any 16x2 LCD provides the functionality of CGRAM (Character Generator RAM) where you can create your own characters for display. The codes for custom character generation using PIC16F877 microcontroller can be created using any custom character generator available in the internet. The custom character generation using PIC16F877 is in 8bit mode.
Custom characters on LCD
Battery character on LCD
We can program 8 custom characters when we are using 5x8 font in the LCD settings and we can program 4 custom characters when we are using 5x10 font in the LCD settings. The binary coding in the custom charactor generator can be written in HEX form as in PBP program below.
Custom character generator
PBP Program
'program to display some characters on LCD
DEFINE OSC 20
@ device hs_oscDEFINE LCD_DREG PORTD
DEFINE LCD_DBIT 4
DEFINE LCD_RSREG PORTB
DEFINE LCD_RSBIT 4
DEFINE LCD_EREG PORTB
DEFINE LCD_EBIT 5
DEFINE LCD_BITS 4
DEFINE LCD_LINES 2
TRISB = 0
TRISD = 0
LCDOUT $FE,$48,$0E,$15,$1B,$19,$1B,$15,$0E,$00 ' Cust Char #1: copyright
LCDOUT $FE,$50,$0E,$0E,$1F,$0E,$04,$00,$1F,$00 ' Cust Char #2: press
LCDOut $FE,1
Loop:
LCDOut $FE,$80+0,0
Pause 1000
LCDOut $FE,$80+1,1
Pause 1000
LCDOut $FE,$80+2,2
Pause 1000
GoTo loop
Tut 4 : Mesh Analysis
Answers
Q1. Io = -1.244A, I1 = -1.756A
Q2. Va=12.35V, Vb=27.35V, Vc=10.585V, Vd=0, Ve=7.53V
TWISS 2013
Basic soldering technique and resistance measurement
Video 1: Soldering technique
Video 3: Cardboard car
Figure 3: Obstacle challenge
Tut 3 : Nodal Analysis
Answers
Q1. (i) Va = -5V, Vb= -10V, i1 = 1mA, i2 = -20mA, i3 = 31mA, i4 = -10mA, i5 = 10mA
(ii) Power dissipated = 0.275W, Power developed = 0.33W
Q2. Va = 13V, Vb = 0.095V, Vc = 18.3V
Q3. V1 = -76.75V, V2 = -31.5V
Tut 2 : KVL,KCL,Delta to Wye, Wye to Delta and Quiz 1
Answers
Q1. Va = 18.75V
Q2. (i) Ra = 8 ohm
(ii) i1= 3A, V1 = 6V
Q3. (i) Number of nodes = 11, branches = 24
(ii) Req = 9.85 ohm
(iii) Vo= 0.42 V
Quiz 1
Tut 15 : Serial data communication
Serial data communication is a communication between microcontroller and other systems like RFID reader, GPS module, GSM module or computer. The communication is done via a RS232 interface. RS232 is a standard for a serial communication interface which allows to send and receive data. With the RS232 interface it is possible to setup a connection between a microcontroller and those units. Sometime the RS232 interface is used for communication between two microcontrollers.
PIC and Computer communication
Old computers have their own serial ports (COM), thus the communication will go through these ports. Note that modern PCs don't have a serial port so you need to get a USB to serial converter. They are available at low cost. For serial communication the line used to transmit data is called TX and the line used to receive data is called RX. When sending or recieve commands from a PC to a microcontroller, or vice versa, the informations can be viewed on PC using any hyper termial program. Another way is to send the informations through visual basic.
Communication blog diagram
USB to UART converter
PBP Program
'program to send and receive serial data
DEFINE OSC 20
@ device hs_osc 'jika guna crytal 20MhzINCLUDE "modedefs.bas" ' Include serial modes
x VAR Byte(3)
loop:
SerIn2 PORTC.7, 84,keyout,[WAIT("A"),STR x\3] 'receive dataSerOut2 PORTC.6,84,[x(0)] ' Send 1st data
pause 100
SerOut2 PORTC.6,84,[x(1)] ' Send 2nd data
pause 100
SerOut2 PORTC.6,84,[x(2)] ' Send 3rd data
pause 100
GoTo loop
End Tut 14 : RFID
RFID (Radio-Frequency IDentification) is a small electronic
devices that consist of a small chip and an antenna. The chip typically is
capable of carrying 2K/4K/8K bytes of data or less.
The RFID device serves the same purpose as a bar code or a magnetic strip on
the back of a credit card or ATM card since it provides a unique identifier for that
object.
The RFID device must be scanned to retrieve the identifying
information from the cards or tags. A significant advantage of RFID devices over the others mentioned above is that
the RFID device does not need to be positioned precisely relative to the
scanner.
In contrast, RFID devices will work within a few feet (up to 20 feet for
high-frequency devices) of the scanner. Some short distance RFID works below than 10 cm. Some common problems with RFID are reader collision and tag collision. Reader collision
occurs when the signals from two or more readers overlap. The tag is unable to
respond to simultaneous queries.Systems must be carefully set up to avoid this
problem. Tag collision occurs when many tags are present in a small area. But
since the read time is very fast, it is easier for vendors to develop systems
that ensure that tags respond one at a time.
RFID tags may be used as:
- Animal tracking tags, inserted beneath the skin.
- Tags can be screw-shaped to identify items, trees or wooden items.
- Credit-card shaped for use in access applications.
- Smart attendance and parking system.
RFID reader and tag(transponder)
System block diagram
Application of RFID in parking system
PBP Program
'program to use RFID reader and tag
DEFINE OSC 20
@ device hs_osc
INCLUDE "modedefs.bas" ' Include serial modes
DEFINE HSER_RCSTA 90h ' Definition serial modes utk Hserin
DEFINE HSER_TXSTA 24h
DEFINE HSER_BAUD 57600 ' 57600 Bauds rate
DEFINE HSER_SPBRG 21
DEFINE HSER_CLROERR 1
buf VAR BYTE(7)
Tag1 Data "AES8915" ' ID 1
Tag2 Data "PGL9796" ' ID 2
Tag3 Data "PJT4769" ' ID 3
Tag4 Data "NAV8915" ' ID 4
Tag5 Data "BFE6529" ' ID 5
Tag6 Data "FE6529 " ' ID 6
Tag7 Data "*BFE652" ' ID 7
loop:
HSerin [WAIT("*"),STR buf\7]
Check_List:
'checking commands
Goto loop
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